A few words on the subject of firearms First, I don't think Vlad would actually be proficient in firearms. Not only do they seem out of Vlad's style, (he seems to prefer a quieter, quicker, and more precise strike when he can) but they would have several problems that would be troublesome for a young assassin. They are inaccurate, which could lead to messy accidents and failed attempts, and they are very loud. The report of a gun would certainly call attention to the area and would probably call the guards, making escape significantly more difficult. He'd have to deal with the distinguishing smell and sight of the gunpowder and smoke, and have to carry the heavy equipment around, in addition, if used for defense purposes, since he is usually attacked by many opponents, it would be almost a one-shot weapon, especially since they are shielded anyway. Second, it's quite possible that the reason that there are no firearms is because the materials needed to make it are not in sufficient supply in the area. Unless I'm wrong, Dragaera is not on Earth itself, and possibly not even in the same world, therefore either the particular area they happen to reside in has no saltpeter or, like in Zelazny's Amber, Gunpowder does not ignite here. Finally, (and most likely) would be the fact that because of magic, there was never any motive for the development of more advanced ranged weapons. They went from simple ones, like bows, and then jumped to magic based ones like flashstones. Now the Dragaeran weapon R&D is focusing entirely on magical methods and counter methods. So who would want to develop alternate weapons? the Empire? Nah, they have the ultimate magical weapon, the orb the Teckla? They aren't educated enough to learn the proper chemistry for creating a weapon like that, and if they did, they would be "encouraged" to stop the Jhereg? Not with the Left Hand wanting to keep a monopoly on that sort of power the Easterners? now there is a good question. They certainly have the motive, their witchcraft is not comparable to sorcery in combat, at least insofar as we are aware. But that also requires an industrial sort of community combined with the right kind of luck. After all would you believe me if I told you that I could make rocks explode by setting them on fire? And how much more unlikely is it with Dragaerans randomly invading? They don't even have the idea that there is such a thing as exploding power, at least not without using magic of some sort. My Chinese history is certainly rusty but weren't the first explosives used in fireworks rather than military uses? Then to develop the weapons in any quantity you would need to construct a workshop or factory of some kind, the type of thing singled out for razing in a Drageran invasion. This ended up a bit longer than I thought, heh. Akodo Bob Already waiting impatiantly for the next Brust novel