> The pale skin could be taken as indirect evidence, > being caused by the lack of bloodflow. It can also be caused by a lack of oxygenation of the blood. Again, I'm not stating that she definitely has a beating heart, just that I can't recall any explicit evidence that doesn't have one. All this is to say that when I label a waddling, quacking creature a duck, you may be misconstruing my meaning if you imagine it either yellow and fluffy, or black and brown with an iridescent blue-green head. In particular, _I_ would be likely to label the former a duckling and the latter a drake, but then I'm an annoying pedant. Steve's merely sneaky, underhanded, prone to dispelling preconceptions and playing his cards close to his chest. :) Casey